Introduction
With an increasing number of people purchasing motorcycles to offset rising gasoline prices today, a potential health epidemic is beginning to emerge. Many new and even long-time riders have not been taught the importance of using proper hearing protection when they ride. By looking at how motorcyclists are exposed to harmful noise levels and methods of exposure prevention, a determination can be made as to how noise induced hearing loss among this part of the population can be reduced and/or prevented. This report will explain:
• How noise is defined
• What constitutes hearing loss
• Why failure to use hearing protection devices when riding a motorcycle can lead to permanent hearing loss
• How riders can protect themselves from hearing loss
• Recommended ways to educate riders about the dangers of noise induced hearing loss
What is Noise Induced Hearing Loss?
Noise is generally defined as any unwanted sound. Prolonged exposure to excessive levels of noise can lead to permanent hearing loss. Referred to as noise induced hearing loss, it can be defined as irreversible damage to the internal parts of the ear that convert sounds into electrical impulses that the brain then converts into information. Noise induced hearing loss is a 100% preventable condition. Preventive measures include education about the dangers of noise exposure, what constitutes noise, and how to protect oneself from harmful noise exposure.
What is The Primary Noise Exposure Hazard Motorcyclists Encounter?
The primary source of noise that motorcycle riders are exposed to is not from the motorcycle itself, which is typically around 85 – 90 dB, but rather from the wind noise created by turbulence around the rider’s head. By using microphones placed inside of motorcycle helmets, audiologists have measured noise levels as high as 110 – 116 dB when travelling at 65 miles per hour. As noted in Table 1, permanent hearing loss can begin to occur with as little as 15 minutes of exposure to noise levels of 115 dB.
What Can Motorcyclists Do To Prevent Hearing Loss?
The most important thing that anyone can do to preserve their hearing and prevent hearing loss is to become educated on the dangers of noise exposure. Once an understanding of the hazard is gained, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the amount of exposure a person receives. The easiest and most inexpensive way to prevent hearing loss is to avoid high noise levels. When this is not feasible, the next step is to use inexpensive foam or silicone ear plugs. Ear plugs only take a few seconds to insert and come with a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) to indicate the amount of noise (in decibels or dB) the ear plugs are capable of filtering out when used properly.
Conclusion
Hearing loss due to prolonged exposure to noise is a preventable injury that can best be prevented by educating new and experienced motorcycle riders alike on the dangers of noise exposure, how they are exposed, and how to protect themselves. This can be accomplished in several ways, including:
1. Inclusion in the Motorcycle Safety Foundation’s Basic & Experienced Rider Courses
2. Inclusion in the owner’s manual that is shipped with each new motorcycle
3. Literature to be included with the purchase of new motorcycle helmets
4. Posters in motorcycle dealerships and parts supply stores
While there are most certainly many more ways that motorcyclists can be educated about hearing loss dangers, these few recommendations should serve as a basic guideline for instituting a program to educate the riding public on an often overlooked piece of safety equipment that should be included in every rider’s collection of safety equipment and daily riding habits.
Noise Source Sound Level (in dB) Maximum OSHA Exposure Time
Conversation 65 Unlimited
Motorcycle (at rest, idle) 85 to 88 10.6 – 16 hours
Lawn Mower, Shop Tools 90 8 hours
Leaf Blower 95 to 105 4 hours (at 95 dB)
Chain Saw 100 to 105 1 to 2 hours
Woodworking Shop, Stereo 110 30 minutes
Sandblasting 115 15 minutes
Motorcycle (at 65 mph) 110 to 116 15 to 30 minutes
Ambulance Siren, Rock Concert 120 7.5 minutes
Jet Engine 130 1 minute 52 seconds
Table 1: Noise sources, sound levels, and permissible exposure limits
The Table didn’t copy over very well, but it’s there.